1. Introduction
Personal Income Tax in Peru is structured around five categories that classify income according to its source. The obligation to file the Annual Sworn Income Tax Return – Fiscal Year 2025 does not depend solely on having received income, but on multiple technical factors, including:
The income category obtained
The existence of tax pending regularization
The condition of being domiciled or non-domiciled
The withholding system applied
Compliance with minimum thresholds and specific rules established by SUNAT
This article develops, in a technical and practical manner, who must file, who is exempt, the applicable deadlines, the consequences of non-compliance, and the tax treatment of foreigners and Peruvians residing abroad.
2. The Five Categories of Personal Income Tax
2.1 First Category – Lease and Transfer of Real Estate
Obligated taxpayers
Individuals who obtain income from:
Rental of urban or rural properties
Subleasing
Free use or use below market value (deemed income)
Tax base
The net income derived from the lease or transfer is taxed.
When must they file?
They are obligated when:
There is tax pending regularization at year-end
SUNAT includes them within the universe of obligated taxpayers
Deemed income is generated that requires annual regularization
Practical example
An owner rents an apartment for S/ 3,000 per month. If correct monthly payments were made, an annual return may not be required; however, if payments were omitted or adjustments occurred, the sworn return must be filed.
2.2 Second Category – Capital Gains and Investments
Includes:
Sale of shares or securities
Dividends
Interest
Royalties
Redemption or repurchase of securities
Obligation to file
Required when:
There is capital gain not fully regularized through withholding
Stock exchange or over-the-counter transactions were carried out generating annual tax
Practical example
An investor sells shares obtaining a gain of S/ 50,000. If the transaction was not subject to full withholding, the investor must declare and pay the annual tax.
2.3 Third Category – Business Activity
Includes individuals with a business or sole proprietorship.
Obligated
Sole business owners
Taxpayers registered with a RUC under business tax regimes
Professionals conducting organized business activity
Applicable return
Filed through Virtual Form 710.
2.4 Fourth Category – Independent Work
Covers income from:
Professional service receipts (honorarios)
Professional services
Artistic, technical, or scientific activities
CAS contracts (with public entities)
Obligation to file
The sworn return must be filed when:
There is tax pending regularization
Fourth category income is combined with other categories
CAS particularity
CAS workers only file if there is outstanding tax due.
2.5 Fifth Category – Dependent Employment
Includes:
Salaries
Bonuses
Employment benefits
General rule
The employer withholds the tax, so an annual sworn return is usually not required.
Exception
The sworn return must be filed when:
There is tax pending regularization
The worker had multiple employers
Additional deductions are applied
3. Filing Deadlines – Annual Sworn Return 2025
Individuals – Virtual Form 709
| Last RUC Digit | Filing Date |
|---|---|
| 0 | May 27, 2026 |
| 1 | May 28, 2026 |
| 2 | May 29, 2026 |
| 3 | June 1, 2026 |
| 4 | June 2, 2026 |
| 5 | June 3, 2026 |
| 6 | June 4, 2026 |
| 7 | June 5, 2026 |
| 8 | June 8, 2026 |
| 9 | June 9, 2026 |
| Good Taxpayers | June 10, 2026 |
4. Exceptions: When is Filing NOT Required?
4.1 Only Fifth Category Income
If no tax is pending, the taxpayer does not file a sworn return.
4.2 Non-domiciled Individuals
Generally taxed through withholding and do not file an annual sworn return.
4.3 CAS Workers Without Tax Balance
They only file when there is outstanding tax.
5. Treatment of Foreigners and Peruvians Abroad
5.1 Domiciled Foreigner in Peru
Taxed on:
Peruvian-source income
Accumulated foreign-source income
5.2 Non-domiciled Foreigner
Only taxed on Peruvian-source income, usually through withholding.
5.3 Peruvians Residing Abroad
They lose domiciled status if they remain outside the country for more than 183 days within a 12-month period.
6. Consequences of Not Filing or Not Paying
6.1 Failure to File
Constitutes a tax offense punishable with a fine of up to 1 UIT or 50% of a UIT.
6.2 Failure to Pay
Generates:
Late payment interest
Coactive collection procedures
Attachments and precautionary measures
6.3 Gradual Penalty Regime
Allows reduction of penalties if the taxpayer voluntarily corrects the omission.
7. Practical Guide: Should I File or Not?
| Profile | Must File? |
|---|---|
| Only payroll employee | Generally no |
| Independent professional | Yes, if there is tax balance due |
| Real estate landlord | Depends on monthly payment compliance |
| Stock market investor | Frequently yes |
| Sole entrepreneur | Always |
8. Special Case: Foreign Income of Domiciled Individuals
Domiciled taxpayers must declare income obtained abroad, applying offset and foreign tax credit mechanisms.
9. Professional Recommendations
Review tax domicile status every year.
Verify withholdings applied.
Monitor investment income.
Evaluate permitted deductions.
File the sworn return even if the tax due is zero, when required by SUNAT.
10. Conclusions
The Annual Sworn Return 2025 constitutes a technical obligation that depends on multiple legal and tax variables. The correct classification of income and determination of domicile status are decisive in avoiding tax contingencies, financial penalties, and coactive collection procedures.
Timely compliance allows optimization of the tax burden and reduction of administrative risks.
FAQ – Annual Income Tax Return 2025 Peru
Individuals must file the 2025 Annual Income Tax Return if they have tax pending regularization, earned first, second, third, or fourth category income not fully subject to withholding, or were included by SUNAT in the group of obligated taxpayers. The obligation does not depend solely on having earned income.
Generally, no. The employer withholds income tax monthly. However, employees must file if they had multiple employers, applied additional deductions, or have outstanding tax to regularize.
Yes. Domiciled foreigners in Peru are taxed on Peruvian-source income and accumulated foreign-source income. Foreign income must be included in the Annual Income Tax Return, applying foreign tax credit mechanisms when applicable.
As a general rule, no. Non-domiciled individuals are taxed only on Peruvian-source income through withholding and are typically not required to file an annual return, except in specific cases.
The filing deadline depends on the last digit of the RUC and falls between May 27 and June 10, 2026, according to the official schedule published by SUNAT.
Failure to file constitutes a tax violation and may result in a fine of up to 1 UIT or 50% of a UIT, plus late payment interest if tax is owed.
Non-payment generates late payment interest and may trigger enforced collection procedures, including asset attachment and precautionary measures.
Workers under CAS contracts must file only if there is outstanding tax pending regularization.
It depends. If monthly first category tax payments were correctly made, an annual return may not be required. However, if tax remains pending or deemed income applies, filing is mandatory.
You must review your income category, withholdings applied, domicile status, and whether there is tax pending regularization. It is also important to verify if SUNAT has included you among obligated taxpayers.
Confused about your tax obligations in Peru?
Whether you live in Peru, own property, or earn income locally, understanding your tax responsibilities is essential. Mistakes can lead to fines – but a smart setup can reduce your burden.
Book your private consultation with Sergio Vargas to receive practical, personalized tax advice based on your residency, income, and goals.
The session takes place via Zoom and can be conducted in English or Spanish.
Don’t miss out on important updates!
Subscribe to our Substack newsletter and get the latest articles on immigration, taxes, and real estate in Peru delivered straight to your inbox.
